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<text id=93CT1641>
<title>
Cape Verde--History
</title>
<history>
Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
Northern Africa
Cape Verde
</history>
<article>
<source>CIA World Factbook</source>
<hdr>
History
</hdr>
<body>
<p> In 1462, Portuguese settlers arrived at Santiago and founded
Riberira Grande (now called Cidade Velha)--the first European
city in the Tropics. In the 16th century, the archipelago
prospered from the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Pirates
occasionally attacked the Portuguese settlements. Sir Francis
Drake sacked Ribeira Grande in 1585. After a French attack in
1712, the city declined in importance relative to Praia, which
became the capital in 1770.
</p>
<p> The archipelago has experienced recurrent drought and famine
since the end of the 18th century, and, with the decline in the
slave trade, its fragile prosperity slowly vanished. However,
the islands' position astride mid-Atlantic shipping lanes made
Cape Verde an ideal location for resupplying ships. Because of
its excellent harbor, Mindelo (on the island of Sao Vicente)
became an important commercial center during the 19th century.
</p>
<p> Portugal changed Cape Verde's status from a colony to an
overseas province in 1951 in an attempt to prevent growing
nationalism. Nevertheless, in 1956, Amilcar Cabral, a Cape
Verdean, and Rafael Barbosa organized (in Guinea-Bissau) the
clandestine African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau
and Cape Verde (PAIGC) which demanded improvement in economic,
social and political conditions in Cape Verde and Portuguese
Guinea and formed the basis of the two nations' independence
movements. Moving its headquarters to Conakry, Guinea in 1960,
the PAIGC began an armed rebellion against Portugal in 1961.
Acts of sabotage eventually grew into a war in Portuguese Guinea
that pitted 10,000 Soviet bloc-supported PAIGC soldiers against
35,000 Portuguese and African troops.
</p>
<p> By 1972, the PAIGC controlled much of Portuguese Guinea
despite the presence of Portuguese troops. For logistical
reasons, the organization did not attempt to disrupt Portuguese
control in Cape Verde. Following the April 1974 revolution in
Portugal, however, the PAIGC became an active political movement
in Cape Verde.
</p>
<p> In December 1974, the PAIGC and Portugal signed an agreement
providing for a transitional government composed of Portuguese
and Cape Verdeans. On June 30, 1985, Cape Verdeans elected a
National Assembly, which received instruments of independence
from Portugal on July 5, 1975.
</p>
<p> Immediately following a November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau
(Portuguese Guinea declared independence in 1973 and was
granted de jure independence in 1974), relations between the two
countries became strained. Cape Verde abandoned its hope for
unity with Guinea-Bissau and formed the African Party for the
Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV). Nevertheless, problems have
since been resolved, and relations between both countries have
been as one sovereign state to another.
</p>
<p>Current Political Conditions
</p>
<p> Although efforts have begun to decentralize the political
system, currently the only operational political party in Cape
Verde is the PAICV. The National Council, comprised of 35
members, is the supreme organ of the PAICV, but the nine-member
political commission, which includes the president, prime
minister, president of the National Assembly, and six other
senior officials, is empowered to make major party decisions
during the quarterly National Council meetings. President
Aristides Pereira was elected Secretary General of the PAICV at
the first Party Congress in 1981 and reaffirmed at the second
Party Congress in June 1983.
</p>
<p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
November 1989.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>